In business, measuring productivity and creativity are of special importance. You must be able to measure financial performance to tell which businesses are making money and which are not. You must be able to distinguish the contributions made by each geographic region in which you are active to decide whether to go it alone, invest in a partnership or pull out.

You must also be able to measure the performance of individuals (although with knowledge workers the process may not be simple) to reward the high flyers and incentivise the laggards.