Politicians, never terribly popular, will have been soundly cursed around the globe on Monday. After more than 10 days of wrangling between Democratic and Republican legislators and Hank Paulson, Treasury secretary, the hard-fought US bail-out evaporated in the House of Representatives. In spite of the leadership of both parties backing the deal, enough of their members sought to assert their independence by voting against the $700bn plan. It failed by 228 votes to 205.

It may be that the sense of panic that prevailed when Mr Paulson first brought the plan to Capitol Hill for consideration had ebbed. The failure of Washington Mutual and the rapid sale of Wachovia to Citigroup provided doubters with arguments that the system could already absorb the problems of ailing banks. Economists were lining up to quibble over the inadequacies of the plan as it stood. Suggested alternatives, such as directly recapitalising wobbly institutions, were gaining ground.