A quarrel over protectionism and economic nationalism in the European Union turned ill-tempered on Tuesday when the Czech Republic accused eurozone countries of inflicting serious damage on Europe’s monetary union.

“The response of the eurozone countries to the financial and economic crisis has deformed the joint project of the euro more than any other imaginable event,” said Mirek Topolanek, the Czech prime minister, whose country holds the EU’s rotating presidency but is outside the eurozone.