Radovan Karadzic, appearing on Friday for the second time before a United Nations tribunal, refused to enter pleas on 11 charges, including genocide and crimes against humanity, and signalled his intent to fight what he called the “Nato court”.

In keeping with the rules of the tribunal in The Hague, Iain Bonomy, a Scottish judge, entered pleas of “not guilty” on Mr Karadzic’s behalf during the pre-trial hearing.