Bank of America and Citgroup, both still reeling from the financial crisis, on Friday failed to dispel investor fears over their future after reporting second-quarter profits that were boosted by large one-off gains.

The banks, which have been bailed out by US taxpayers and are under close regulatory scrutiny, continued to suffer from consumers’ financial woes and appeared to lose ground to healthier rivals such as Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan Chase in investment banking.