The distinction between “offshore” and “onshore” financial centres has been dropped by the International Monetary Fund, in a victory for more than 40 small countries that complained they had been unfairly stigmatised in the fight against financial crime.

The IMF said the distinction between on- and offshore centres “had been blurred by globalisation”, which had increased the range of cross-border transactions in many countries, as well as the launch of new financial centres catering to non-residents in countries such as Botswana, Brunei, Dubai and Uruguay.