A functioning capitalist system needs more than capitalists to flourish, it needs managers, which is why one of the first things Andrzej Kozminski did after Poland’s Communists lost power in 1989 was to found a school offering one of the first MBAs in central Europe.

“I understood that the key to economic success in a modern world was to educate a manager class,” says Prof Kozminski, who had taught in France and the United States.